Jilbab Menurut Islam, Kristen dan Yahudi

Jilbab Menurut Islam, Kristen dan Yahudi. Oleh: Prof. Sherif Abdel Azeem Hudzaifah.org

Marilah kita buka satu persoalan yang di negara-negara Barat dianggap sebagai simbol dari penindasan dan perbudakan wanita, yaitu jilbab atau tudung kepala. Apakah betul tidak terdapat pembahasan mengenai jilbab di dalam tradisi Jahudi-Kristen ? Mari kita lihat bukti catatan yang ada. Menurut Rabbi Dr. Menachem M. Brayer, Professor Literatur Injil pada Universitas Yeshiva dalam bukunya, The Jewish woman in Rabbinic Literature, menulis bahwa baju bagi wanita Yahudi saat bepergian keluar rumah yaitu mengenakan penutup kepala yang terkadang bahkan harus menutup hampir seluruh muka dan hanya meninggalkan sebelah mata saja. Beliau disana mengutip pernyataan beberapa Rabbi (pendeta Yahudi) kuno yang terkenal: "Bukanlah layaknya anak-anak perempuan Israel yang berjalan keluar tanpa penutup kepala" dan "Terkutuklah laki-laki yang membiarkan rambut isterinya terlihat," dan "Wanita yang membiarkan rambutnya terbuka untuk berdandan membawa kemelaratan."

Hukum Rabbi melarang pemberian berkat dan doa kepada wanita menikah yang tidak menutup kepalanya karena rambut yang tidak tertutup dianggap "telanjang". Dr. Brayer juga mengatakan bahwa "Selama masa Tannaitic, wanita Yahudi yang tidak menggunakan penutup kepala dianggap penghinaan terhadap kesopanannya. Jika kepalanya tidak tertutup dia bisa dikenai denda sebanyak empat ratus zuzim untuk pelanggaran tersebut."

Narrative Text

·       Definition

Narrative text is a kind of text to retell the story that past tense. The purpose of the text is to entertain or to amuse the readers or listeners about the story.

·        The generic structure of Narrative text :

1.  Orientation :

It set the scene and introduce the participants (it answers the question : who, when, what, and where).

2.  Complication :

Tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve them.

3.  Resolution :

The crisis is revolved, for better or worse.

4.  Re-orientation :

The ending of the story.

5.  Evaluation :

The stepping back to evaluate the story or the moral message of the story

TENSE (Present Tense)

·      Definition of Tens

Tense is a verb form that indicates, or can indicate, a relationship between the time the action in a verb occurs and the time the verb is uttered. A verb tense can also give an indication of the duration of the verb's action and when or if it is completed.

·      The Kinds of Tense According To the Time

1.      Present Tense  

2.      Past Tense                   

3.      Future Tense                

4.      Past Future Tense        

Each of the Tenses has a level of perfection, namely:

1.        Simple                        :           General time of action

2.        Continuous                 :           Specific time of action

3.        Perfect                       :           Result of action

4.        Perfect Continuous     :           Duration of action

Here, we will learn about 2 kinds of tense according to the time, namely Present Tense and Past Tense.

TENSE (Past Tense)

Ø Past Tense

·        Auxiliary

Subject	Tobe
I	Was
He
She
It
We	Were
You
They

   Ø Form

PAST	FORM ( + )	FORM ( - )	FORM ( ? )
Simple	S + V2 + O	S + did + not + V1 + O	Did + S + V1 + O ?
Ex:	He took a glass	He did not take a glass	Did he takae a glass?
Continuous	S + tobe (was/were) + Ving + O	S + tobe (was/were) + not + Ving + O	tobe (was/were) + S + Ving + O ?
Ex:	He was taking a glass	He was not taking a glass	Was he taking a glass?
Perfect	S + had + V3 + O	S + had + not + V3 + O	Had + S + V3 + O ?
Ex:	He had taken a glass	He had not taken a glass	Had he taken a glass?
Perfect Continuous	S + had + been + Ving + O	S + had + not + been + Ving + O	Had + S + been + Ving + O ?
Ex:	He had been taking a glass	He had not been taking a glass	Had he been taking a glass?

TAG QUESTION

·        Definition

A tag question is a short question added to the end of a positive or negative statement.

·        Form

Sentence, auxiliary verb + subject ?

1.   If the sentence is positive, the tag is negative. 

You are Spanish, aren't you?

2.   If the sentence is negative, the tag is positive. 

You're not Spanish, are you?

Ø Exception

1.  If in the statement there are words that mean negative, such as:

-   Scarcely                             -     Hardly

-   Rarely                                -     Never

-   Seldom                              -     Little

-   Few                                   -     Hardly ever

So the tag question is positive.

Example : She seldom invites him, does she?